20 Years of 1998 Tests
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Twenty Years into Nuclear South Asia: Pathways to Stability
Amidst the regional optimism in South Asia that immediately followed the February 1999 Lahore Declaration, few scholars and analysts of the time would have predicted that its confidence-building measures (CBMs) – foremost among which is a ballistic missile launch pre-notification…
Twenty Years into Nuclear South Asia: Mitigating Dangers Together
Twenty years ago this month, India and Pakistan conducted nuclear tests in Pokhran (Rajasthan) and Chagai (Balochistan) respectively. Expectedly, the tests sparked international opprobrium, followed by sanctions on both countries. Since then, India and Pakistan have embarked on ambitious nuclear…
Twenty Years into Nuclear South Asia: Resuming Dialogue to Stabilize Deterrence
Deterrence theory suggests that a stable deterrence moderates the security dilemma between rival nuclear states. Nearly four decades ago, Kenneth Waltz, a leading nuclear optimist, advocated that the spread of nuclear weapons would guarantee peace and resolve complex security problems…