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The India-EU Defense Agreement: Industrial Logic and Strategic Context
After months of negotiations, India and the European Union reached a political inflection point with the signing of a free trade agreement on January 27, 2026. While the trade deal was publicly framed as the “mother of all deals,” the…
India-Russia Relations: Revived Engagements and Remaining Gaps
Russian President Vladimir Putin’s visit to New Delhi in December 2025 came at a time of growing momentum in India-Russia relations marked by restored political contacts and rekindled economic connections. After a period of uncertainty and hiatus in 2022 and…
پاک-سعودی دفاعی معاہدے کو بھارت کس نظر سے دیکھتا ہے: تاریخی محرکات اور مستقبل کے خدشات
حال ہی میں اعلان کردہ پاک-سعودی اسٹریٹیجک میوچول ڈیفنس ایگریمنٹ (ایس ڈی ایم اے) تزویراتی باہمی دفاعی معاہدہ بہت سے مشاہدین کے لیےباعثِ حیرت تھا۔ نو زائیدہ ’’اسلامی نیٹو‘‘ یا مسلم ممالک کے اجتماعی فوجی اتحاد سے متعلق بات چیت…
The Role of Status in the Pak-Saudi Defense Pact
Ever since its announcement in September, the substance, timing, and regional security repercussions of the Saudi Arabia-Pakistan Strategic Mutual Defense Agreement (SMDA) have generated much scholarly debate. Much of the analysis from Pakistani commentators seeks to undermine the agreement as…
The 27th Amendment and Pakistan’s Emerging Military Posture
While debates around the 27th Constitutional Amendment have focused on its political motivations and civil-military implications, the more consequential shift lies in its strategic reorientation of Pakistan’s defense architecture. Elevating the chief of army staff (COAS) to chief of defense forces…
भारत सऊदी-पाक रक्षा समझौते को कैसे देखता है: ऐतिहासिक कारक और भविष्य की चिंताएँ
हाल ही के सऊदी-पाकिस्तान रणनीतिक पारस्परिक रक्षा समझौते (एसएमडीए) की घोषणा ने कई पर्यवेक्षकों को आश्चर्यचकित कर दिया। भारत में, इस घटनाक्रम को प्रारम्भ में, दक्षिण एशिया के दृष्टिकोण से देखा गया, तथा एक प्रारंभिक “इस्लामिक नाटो” या मुस्लिम देशों…