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چین جنوبی ایشیا میں: سی پیک اور انڈوپیسفک پاک چین تعاون کا جزوِ لازم
چین نے ۲۰۱۷ سے اب تک اپنے اثرورسوخ میں محض اضافہ کیا ہے۔ کووڈ وبا کے دوررس اثرات، امریکی خارجہ پالیسیوں میں انتقال اور امریکی داخلی سیاست میں تبدیلیوں سمیت متعدد عوامل، بیجنگ کی معاشی سبقت میں تیزی لانے کا…

China’s Energy (In)Security amidst India’s Geostrategic Advantage in the Indian Ocean Region
China is a net importer of oil and gas and is heavily dependent on overseas energy supplies for its sustained economic expansion and development. According to some predictions, the demand for oil and gas will continue to rise, accounting for…

China in South Asia: CPEC and the Indo-Pacific at the Heart of China-Pakistan Collaboration
Since 2017, China’s global influence has only grown. Several factors have led to a surge in Beijing’s economic outreach including the far-reaching impact of the pandemic, shifts in U.S. foreign policy, and changes in U.S. domestic politics. These developments have…

Ten-Year Review of China’s Defense Budget: Steadily Toward Modernization
At the first session of the 14th National People’s Congress in March 2023, China announced a 7.2 per cent nominal increase in its defense budget from 2022 to CNY 1.55 trillion. The new budget is the first under the unprecedented third term…

India’s Evolving Maritime Strategy
Throughout different eras of strategic competition, maritime trade routes have remained vital areas of contestation. The Indian Ocean connects Africa and Asia with a vast expanse of Pacific waterways and ports, at present hosting around 100,000 commercial vessels per annum,…

Modi in the Pacific: New Horizons for Indian Foreign Policy
After Indira Gandhi visited Fiji in 1981, it took 33 years for an Indian Prime Minister to visit a Pacific Island again. In 2014, Narendra Modi visited Fiji, re-invigorating India’s relations with the Pacific after a long period of limited…