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India-Pakistan Cyber Skirmishes and the Challenge of Attribution
The recent India-Pakistan crisis in May illustrated how cyber and artificial intelligence are being integrated into military combat in the subcontinent, a significant development for South Asia’s fragile strategic stability.
एससीओ में मोदी: भारत की विदेश नीति में चीन की महत्ता
भारतीय प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी अगस्त के अंत में तियानजिन में शंघाई सहयोग संगठन (एससीओ) शिखर सम्मेलन में भाग लेने की तैयारी कर रहे हैं और चीनी राष्ट्रपति शी जिनपिंग से उनकी भेंट होने की संभावना है, जबकि, वैश्विक मंच पर…
سی پیک کے نفاذ کے دس سال: وعدے، خدشات اور امكانات
ایک زمانے میں چین-پاکستان اقتصادی راہداری (سی پیك) کو پاکستان کی غیر مستحکم معیشت كو سہارا دینےکے لیے تبدیلی کا ایک ذریعہ سمجھا جاتا تھا، تاہم اب اسے ہاتھ سے نكل جانے والے مواقع اور ادھوری امیدوں كی علامت سمجھا…
Can Conditional Engagement Spur Reform in the Taliban’s Afghanistan?
Four years into the second period of rule by the Taliban regime, Afghanistan has plummeted into economic insecurity and a human rights crisis. Following the Taliban takeover in 2021, the regime’s chief spokesperson Zabihullah Mujahid had claimed, “we are going…
Pakistan’s Starlink Dilemma
In today’s digital age, the internet can function as a great equalizer, helping developing nations achieve their economic goals. On this count, Pakistan is struggling with unstable connectivity and uneven access—particularly in rural and remote regions. Mobile broadband accounts for…
Pakistan’s New Rocket Force: Strategic Deterrence and Escalation Risks
In the wake of the May 2025 India-Pakistan conflict, Pakistan's assessment of its deterrence requirements has shifted. The formation of a new Pakistan Army Rocket Force Command (PARFC) led by a three-star general reflects this change and aims to provide…