India-Pakistan Relations
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How India Views the Saudi-Pak Defense Pact: Historical Drivers and Future Concerns
The recently announced Saudi-Pakistan Strategic Mutual Defense Agreement (SMDA) came as a surprise to many observers. In India, this development was initially seen through a South Asia lens amidst talk of an embryonic “Islamic NATO,” or a collective military alliance…
Dual-Use Missiles in South Asia and Implications for India-Pakistan Crisis Stability
In the contemporary nuclear age, dual-capable delivery systems that can carry either conventional or nuclear warheads are widely assumed to be highly destabilizing in crises. In South Asia, dual-use systems can generate significant anxiety—not just for India and Pakistan, but…
Testing Deterrence: South Asia’s Strategic Stability After May 2025
The Pakistan-India crisis of May 2025 has once again underscored the fragility of South Asia’s deterrence architecture. What began as a localized confrontation escalated rapidly, demonstrating how misperceptions, doctrinal ambiguities, and conventional imbalances can endanger regional peace. In the aftermath…
India-Pakistan Cyber Skirmishes and the Challenge of Attribution
The recent India-Pakistan crisis in May illustrated how cyber and artificial intelligence are being integrated into military combat in the subcontinent, a significant development for South Asia’s fragile strategic stability.
Pakistan’s New Rocket Force: Strategic Deterrence and Escalation Risks
In the wake of the May 2025 India-Pakistan conflict, Pakistan's assessment of its deterrence requirements has shifted. The formation of a new Pakistan Army Rocket Force Command (PARFC) led by a three-star general reflects this change and aims to provide…
Reducing Doubt and Encouraging Dialogue and Diplomacy in India-Pakistan Ties: A Pakistani Perspective
The Pakistan-India relationship—characterized by mutual distrust, the shared history of Partition, the enduring flashpoint of Kashmir, occasional skirmishes, four major wars, and nuclear weapons—defines the South Asian region. The May 2025 clash represented another instance in which the two countries…