Naval Deterrence
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सतह के नीचे: पाकिस्तान की हैंगोर पनडुब्बी और दक्षिण एशिया में समुद्री प्रतिरोध
30 अप्रैल को, पाकिस्तान ने चीन की आधिकारिक यात्रा के दौरान आठ हैंगोर-श्रेणी की पनडुब्बियों में से प्रथम पनडुब्बी को पाकिस्तानी नौसेना में समिल्लित किया। पाकिस्तानी राष्ट्रपति आसिफ़ अली ज़रदारी ने इस अवसर को नौसेना के लिए एक "ऐतिहासिक मील…
Southern Asia’s Nuclear Shift: Why New Delhi and Beijing Are Breaking Their Peacetime Taboo
The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) Yearbook 2026 recently reported that India expanded its nuclear arsenal in 2025, increasing it from 180 to 190. But the starkest revelation was that India for the first time might be actively deploying…
Beneath the Surface: Pakistan’s Hangor Submarine and Maritime Deterrence in South Asia
On April 30, Pakistan commissioned the first of eight Hangor-class submarines during an official visit to China, an occasion that Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari called a “historic milestone” for the navy. Pakistan inducted the submarine, which is jointly produced…
SAV Q&A Understanding Naval Competition in the Indian Ocean Region
To celebrate the release of Naval Competition in the Indian Ocean Region, a new online course from the Stimson Center South Asia program’s Strategic Learning initiative, the South Asian Voices (SAV) editorial team collaborated with the Strategic Learning team on…
آبدوزیں بحرہند میں ہندوستان کی ابھرتی ہوئی قوت کی کلید ہیں
شمال مغربی بحر ہند میں سمندری تجارت گزشتہ چھ ماہ کے دوران دوہرے خطرات کا شکار رہی ہے۔ ایک طرف یمن سے تعلق رکھنے والے حوثی باغیوں نےبحیرہ احمر سے گزرنے وا لے بین الاقوامی بحری جہازوں پر حملے کیے…
Submarines are Key to India’s Evolving Force Posture in the Indian Ocean
Maritime commerce in the Northwestern Indian Ocean has been vulnerable to twin threats in the last six months. On the one hand, the Yemen-based Houthis have attacked international shipping passing through the Red Sea to draw global pressure on Israel…