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सतह के नीचे: पाकिस्तान की हैंगोर पनडुब्बी और दक्षिण एशिया में समुद्री प्रतिरोध
30 अप्रैल को, पाकिस्तान ने चीन की आधिकारिक यात्रा के दौरान आठ हैंगोर-श्रेणी की पनडुब्बियों में से प्रथम पनडुब्बी को पाकिस्तानी नौसेना में समिल्लित किया। पाकिस्तानी राष्ट्रपति आसिफ़ अली ज़रदारी ने इस अवसर को नौसेना के लिए एक "ऐतिहासिक मील…
Beneath the Surface: Pakistan’s Hangor Submarine and Maritime Deterrence in South Asia
On April 30, Pakistan commissioned the first of eight Hangor-class submarines during an official visit to China, an occasion that Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari called a “historic milestone” for the navy. Pakistan inducted the submarine, which is jointly produced…
Colombo Port City and the Diminishing Scope of Sri Lankan Policy Autonomy
Colombo Port City began as a promise of transformation, but it has become a measure of Sri Lanka’s constrained autonomy. Built on 269 hectares of reclaimed land beside Colombo’s central business district, the Chinese-backed project is designed as a Special…
Chagos and the Militarization of the Indian Ocean
“Do not give away Diego Garcia,” warned U.S. President Donald Trump on February 19, as the United Kingdom moved forward with plans to transfer sovereignty of the Chagos Archipelago to Mauritius. While the Chagos Archipelago has often been viewed through…
SAGAR to MAHASAGAR: India’s Maritime Security Achievements and Way Forward
Earlier this year, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi articulated a new, expanded maritime vision for India during a visit to Mauritius, dubbed MAHASAGAR (Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions). Ten years ago, while visiting the same…
India’s Great Nicobar Project Faces Uphill Climb
Indian policymakers and analysts often tout the critical role the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI) can play in safeguarding national security and operationalizing New Delhi's Indo-Pacific strategy. Considering their close proximity to the Malacca Strait, through which roughly one-third of…