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How India Views the Saudi-Pak Defense Pact: Historical Drivers and Future Concerns
The recently announced Saudi-Pakistan Strategic Mutual Defense Agreement (SMDA) came as a surprise to many observers. In India, this development was initially seen through a South Asia lens amidst talk of an embryonic “Islamic NATO,” or a collective military alliance…
دستخط شُدہ مگر غیر واضح: پاک سعودی باہمی دفاعی معاہدے کا سیاق و سباق
کئی دہائیوں کی شراکت داری (پارٹنر شپ) کے بعد سعودی عرب اور پاکستان نے باضابطہ طور پر ایک 'تزویراتی باہمی دفاعی معاہدہ' پر دستخط کیے ہیں۔ 17 ستمبر کو جاری کیے گئے مشترکہ بیان میں بشمول دیگر عوامل کے، 'مشترک…
Signed but Undefined: Contextualizing the Pak-Saudi Mutual Defense Agreement
After decades of partnership, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan have officially signed a “strategic mutual defense agreement.” The joint statement, issued on September 17, identified “shared strategic interests,” among other factors, as providing the impetus for the agreement, which aims to…
Pragmatism Shapes Growing GCC Engagement with the Taliban
Since the Taliban seized power over all of Afghanistan in August 2021, the country’s de-facto rulers have sought to solidify their grip by asserting firm control over state institutions and intensifying engagement with neighbors and foreign powers. The policy has…
Why is Parachinar Stuck in an Endless Loop of Violence?
On November 21, 2024, gunmen in Pakistan killed at least 38 Shiite travelers going from the city of Parachinar to Peshawar. The attack occurred in the Ochat area of the Lower Kurram region in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province —…
Islamabad at a Critical Juncture: Pakistan Must Prioritize Its Ties to Saudi Arabia
Islamabad and Riyadh have a history of strong ties largely due to religious linkages, similar historic foreign policy orientations, shared strategic interests, and economic dependencies. Pakistan’s economy is dependent on Saudi Arabia for energy imports, financial support during economic crises,…